知识扩展
易混词辨析
exclude、include、except、excluding vs excluding
1. excluding:介词 “不包括;除…… 之外”(如 Everyone came, excluding him 除了他,所有人都来了;a price excluding tax 不含税价格)、动词 exclude 的现在分词(如 They are excluding him from the team 他们正在把他排除在团队外);
2. 与 exclude(动词 “排除;不包括”,如 exclude sb from sth 把某人排除在某事外;exclude the possibility 排除可能性)混淆词性 ——exclude 是动词,excluding 是介词 / 分词(不可说 “exclude him, everyone came”,应为 “everyone came, excluding him”);
3. 与 include(动词 “包括;包含”,如 include sth in sth 把某物包含在某物中;the price includes tax 价格含税)是反义词,excluding 是 exclude 的介词形式,including 是 include 的介词形式(including him 包括他,excluding him 不包括他);
4. 与 except(介词 “除…… 之外”,如 everyone came e1. excluding:介词 “不包括;除…… 之外”(如 Everyone came, excluding him 除了他,所有人都来了;a price excluding tax 不含税价格)、动词 exclude 的现在分词(如 They are excluding him from the team 他们正在把他排除在团队外);
2. 与 exclude(动词 “排除;不包括”,如 exclude sb from sth 把某人排除在某事外;exclude the possibility 排除可能性)混淆词性 ——exclude 是动词,excluding 是介词 / 分词(不可说 “exclude him, everyone came”,应为 “everyone came, excluding him”);
3. 与 include(动词 “包括;包含”,如 include sth in sth 把某物包含在某物中;the price includes tax 价格含税)是反义词,excluding 是 exclude 的介词形式,including 是 include 的介词形式(including him 包括他,excluding him 不包括他);
4. 与 except(介词 “除…… 之外”,如 everyone came except him 除了他,所有人都来了)区别:except 侧重 “从整体中除去某部分”,excluding 侧重 “明确不包含某部分”,语义相近可互换,但 excluding 更正式,except 更口语;
5. 常见错误:excluding 作介词时后接名词 / 代词,不可接从句(“除了他没来,所有人都来了” 不可说 “excluding that he didn’t come”,应为 “except that he didn’t come”)。