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英文
excluding
英[ɪkˈskluːdɪŋ] 美[ɪk'skluːdɪŋ]
核心词义
v. 排除,拒绝(exclude的现在分词);驱逐
prep. 除……外,不包括
速记技巧
联想记忆
ex-向外 + clud-关闭 + -ing → 关在外面 → 不包括
知识扩展
易混词辨析
exclude、include、except、excluding vs excluding
1. excluding:介词 “不包括;除…… 之外”(如 Everyone came, excluding him 除了他,所有人都来了;a price excluding tax 不含税价格)、动词 exclude 的现在分词(如 They are excluding him from the team 他们正在把他排除在团队外);
2. 与 exclude(动词 “排除;不包括”,如 exclude sb from sth 把某人排除在某事外;exclude the possibility 排除可能性)混淆词性 ——exclude 是动词,excluding 是介词 / 分词(不可说 “exclude him, everyone came”,应为 “everyone came, excluding him”);
3. 与 include(动词 “包括;包含”,如 include sth in sth 把某物包含在某物中;the price includes tax 价格含税)是反义词,excluding 是 exclude 的介词形式,including 是 include 的介词形式(including him 包括他,excluding him 不包括他);
4. 与 except(介词 “除…… 之外”,如 everyone came e1. excluding:介词 “不包括;除…… 之外”(如 Everyone came, excluding him 除了他,所有人都来了;a price excluding tax 不含税价格)、动词 exclude 的现在分词(如 They are excluding him from the team 他们正在把他排除在团队外);
2. 与 exclude(动词 “排除;不包括”,如 exclude sb from sth 把某人排除在某事外;exclude the possibility 排除可能性)混淆词性 ——exclude 是动词,excluding 是介词 / 分词(不可说 “exclude him, everyone came”,应为 “everyone came, excluding him”);
3. 与 include(动词 “包括;包含”,如 include sth in sth 把某物包含在某物中;the price includes tax 价格含税)是反义词,excluding 是 exclude 的介词形式,including 是 include 的介词形式(including him 包括他,excluding him 不包括他);
4. 与 except(介词 “除…… 之外”,如 everyone came except him 除了他,所有人都来了)区别:except 侧重 “从整体中除去某部分”,excluding 侧重 “明确不包含某部分”,语义相近可互换,但 excluding 更正式,except 更口语;
5. 常见错误:excluding 作介词时后接名词 / 代词,不可接从句(“除了他没来,所有人都来了” 不可说 “excluding that he didn’t come”,应为 “except that he didn’t come”)。
精选例句
高考
1、 We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority.
我们已经了解了很多关于以低等民族或种族为前提而把人排除在外的愚蠢想法。
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